This post is about the latest emerging technologies in information technology. These trends will lead the technological sector in the upcoming years. In this paper I have presented some emerging technologies in information technology industry such as BIG DATA, CLOUD COMPUTING, DATA ANALYTICS, MOBILITY and SOCIAL MEDIA. So these are some of the examples of emerging technologies now as well as in the upcoming years. So let see a brief introduction and some features about the above technologies.

Introduction

Now-A-Days In This Electronic Century We Are Depended On Hi-Fi Technologies. These Technologies Made Us Sophisticated And Made Our Work Very Easy. So We Need To Know Some Of The Current Trends In Technologies.

1.BIG DATA

Big data is one of the examples of emerging technologies
Big data is the term for a collection of data sets so large and complex that it becomes difficult to process using on-hand database management tools or traditional data processing applications.
The challenges that we face with dbms tools and other technologies is capture, creation, storage, search, sharing, transfer, analysis, and visualization.

Big data is popular because

› Increase in storage capabilities
› Increase in processing power
› Availability of data

Applications:

Health care- The average amount of data will increase from 167 TB to 665 TB in this year, due to the enormous growth of medical images and electronic medical records. So with big data professionals can improve patients care and reduce costs by extracting relevant clinical information from vast amount of data to better understand the past and predict the future outcomes.
Customer service- Today, 86% of consumers doing business with the company because of the bad consumer experience. So with big data the Service representatives can use data to gain more holistic view of their customers, understanding their likes and dislikes in real-time in order to resolve a problem or capitalize on happy clients faster.
Insurance- Insurance companies and government agencies each gather fraud data related to their own individual missions. But the kind, quality and volume of data compiled varies widely. So with the help of Big data An insurance or citizen services provider can apply advanced analytics to data and detect fraud quickly , before funds are paid out.
Social media- Facebook creates over 30 billion pieces contents per day that consumes 30 peta bytes of data. Twitter produces 90million tweets per day so these large data can be stored efficiently using big data and can be processed at high speed.

Advantages:

• Redevelop your products
• Perform risk analysis
• Keeping data safe
• Customize your website in real time
• Reducing maintenance cost

2.CLOUD COMPUTING

The name cloud computing was inspired by the cloud symbol that is often used to represent the Internet in flowcharts and diagrams.
  Cloud computing is a model for enabling on-demand access to shared pool of compute resources e.g. server, application & service.
In other words, cloud computing is a model for delivering IT services. Instead of a direct connection to the server, the resources are retrieved from the Internet though web-based tools and applications.
• These services are broadly divided into three categories / delivery models:
1. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (Iaas),
2. Platform-as-a-Service (Paas) (GoogleApps are examples of PaaS), &
3. Software-as-a-Service (Saas).
• Data and software packages are stored in servers. The cloud computing structure allows access to information as long as an electronic device has access to the web. This allows employees to work remotely.
Cloud computing is broken down into three segments.
Each segment serves a different purpose and offers different products for businesses & individuals
• Application
• Storage
• Connectivity
• Cloud - A metaphor for a global network, first used in reference to the telephone network and now commonly used to represent the Internet.
• Cloud provider – makes storage or software available to others over a private network or public network (like the Internet).
• Cloud Storage – also called online storage, Internet storage or hosted storage, it is a data storage management solution that enables individuals or organisations to store their data on the Internet using a service provider, rather than storing the data locally on a physical disk, such as a hard drive or tape backup.
• Elastic computing – The ability to scale resources both up and down as needed. To the consumer, the cloud appears to be infinite, and the consumer can buy as much or as little computing power as they need.
• Hybrid cloud – A computing environment that combines both private and public cloud computing environments.
• Hosted application – An Internet-based or Web-based application software programme that runs on a remote server and can be accessed via an Internet-connected PC or thin client.
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) – Cloud infrastructure services or “Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)” delivers computer infrastructure, typically a platform virtualisation environment, as a service. Rather than buying servers, software, data centre space or network equipment, clients buy those resources as a fully outsourced service.
• IT – is the study, design, development, implementation, support and management of the computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and the computer hardware on which they operate. IT is responsible for the use of computers and software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information.
• Private Cloud – Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) delivered to a restricted set of customers, usually within an organisation.
• Platform as a Service (PaaS) – Cloud platform services or “Platform as a Service (PaaS)” deliver a computing platform and /or solution stack as a service, often consuming cloud infrastructure and sustaining cloud applications. It facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers.
• Public Cloud – Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) delivered to an unrestricted set of customers.

The advantages of using Public cloud computing include:

• Efficient storage and computing services.
• Inexpensive, since all the virtual resources whether application, hardware or data are covered by the service provider.
• Easy connectivity to servers and information sharing.
• Assures appropriate use of resources as the users are required to pay only for the services they require.
• Highly reliable.
• Widespread availability irrespective of geographical region.

The disadvantages include:

• Variety of applications;
E.g. Microsoft – Amazon incompatibility;
• Security issue.

3.DATA ANALYTICS

Big data analytics and the Apache Hadoop open source project are rapidly emerging as the preferred solution to address business and technology trends that are disrupting traditional data management and processing. Enterprises can give a competitive advantage by being early adopters of big data analytics
Data Analytics is required because of the following issues:

Applications:

· Understand and navigate federated big data sources
· Federated Discovery and navigation
· Manage & store huge volume of any data
· Hadoop File system MapReduce
· Structured and controlled data
· Data Warehousing
· Manage streaming data
· Stream computing
· Analyze unstructured data
· Text Analytics Engine
· Integrate and govern all data sources
· Integration, data quality, security, lifecycle management.

4.SOCIAL MEDIA AND NETWORKS:

SOCIAL MEDIA AND NETWORKS:
Social media or Web 2.0 is any web-based environment that allows users to easily create, publish and share content.
The User is able to control the data, to create modify, discuss an share internet content.
Its user centred interactive information sharing design and collaboration.
Social media with servers hosted by external organisations:
• social networking sites including Facebook, LinkedIn,twitter,stumble upon, MySpace, Google+, or Yammer
• video and photo sharing websites including Flickr, Tumblr, Instagram, or YouTube
• corporate and personal blogs
• blogs hosted by media outlets - ‘have your say‘ feature on themercury.com.au
• micro-blogging including Twitter
• wikis and online collaborations including Wikipedia
• forums, discussion boards and groups including Google groups, or Whirlpool
• vod and podcasting
• online multiplayer gaming platforms including World of Warcraft, or Second life
• instant messaging, including SMS
• geo-spatial tagging including Foursquare, Google maps, or Pinterest

Why are we using social Media?

Provides opportunities to:
• deliver services
• Consult
• Communicate
Social Media is:
• Cost –effective
• Instantaneous
• responsive
• “Facebook and Twitter represent the move towards a world where companies have the opportunity to gain closer connections with their customers.
• “social networks leave behind “digital exhaust”, which "should be mined, providing a rich source of insight on market positioning, consumer sentiment and employee productivity“

Challenges to social media adoption

• Social media is not an IT competency. Simply put, the human interaction portion of social computing is generally not IT's strong suit. It tends to be treated as just another application to roll out instead of being integrated meaningfully into the flow of work.
• The more significant value propositions of social requires business transformation. Maintaining a Facebook page and Twitter account is relatively straightforward and necessary, but it usually won't generate significant growth, revenue, or profits by itself either. The more profound and higher order aspects of social media including peer production of product development, customer care, and marketing require deeper rethinking of business processes.

5.MOBILE DEVICES

Mobile devices, including tablets and smart phones, are representing a larger share of the computer market
More than half of computing devices sold globally will not be PCs
Non PC mobile devices ("smart phones, tablets and non-PC notebooks) will exceed the estimated 400 million PCs are sold out
More than 25% of all tablet computers will be bought by enterprises".
RFID, proximity, embedded data gathering present risks included interception of communications
NFC (Near Field Communications) will reduce the risk
  Smartphone manufacturers (e.g. Google Nexus S manufactured by Samsung and the Blackberry Bold 9900/9930 manufactured by RIM) are including near field communication (NFC) technology within their devices”

Next-Gen Mobile

Smart Devices and Tablets

It's obvious to the casual observer these days that smart mobile devices based on iOS, Android, and even Blackberry OS/QNX are seeing widespread use.
we can see that by 2015 the tablet market will be 479 million units and the PC market will be only just ahead at 535 million units. This means tablets alone are going to have effective parity with PCs.

CONCLUSION:

IT departments must be prepared to take a "Big Leap" to meet the above technologies growth. These emerging technologies in computer science and information technology will definitely overcome the drawbacks of the past technologies and also these technologies will be very helpful to mankind.